Bad application practice

Injection of an oil emulsion vaccine into the abdominal cavity of a 12 day old chick.

Pectoral muscle (Pectoralis major) of a 14-week-old light pullet. There is a localized area of acute focal hemorrhage / micro-hematoma (dark red to purplish focal blood clot) corresponding to needle punture trauma. 

Severe deep focal intramuscular hematoma and acute tissue hemorrhage (secondary to traumatic needle penetration during intramuscular injection). Pectoral muscle of a 14-week-old light pullet, following longitudinal incisional exposure of the inner muscle layers. A prominent, well-demarcated, deep intramuscular hematoma situated along the injection tract within the deeper muscle fibers.

Focal traumatic necrotizing/hemorrhagic hepatitis with perihepatic oil-emulsion vaccine deposition (secondary to accidental trans-pectoral needle misinjection into the coelomic cavity). Coelomic cavity and liver of a 14-week-old light pullet, showing trans-pectoral misinjection into the visceral cavity. 

Unsafe injection practices, contaminated needles and syringes result in local and systemic infection (Pullet thigh after injection of inactivated vaccine - 12 weeks old pullet).

An inflammatory process can be observed at the site of injection

An inflammatory process can be observed at the site of injection

Swollen head following SC injections that were too high on the neck

Swollen head following SC injections that were too high on the neck

Swollen head following SC injections that were too high on the neck