This review examines the biology, evolution, and epidemiology of the avian influenza virus, highlighting the importance of the "One Health" framework that links animal, human, and environmental health. It advocates for an integrated, interdisciplinary approach combining innovative monitoring technologies, coordinated surveillance, and advanced vaccination strategies for both animals and humans to mitigate outbreak risks.
The review is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Published in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.