Infectious Diseases 2025

The AAAP urges a coordinated, science-based response to H5 influenza to protect poultry, livestock, and human health. The following priorities and requests are outlined: 
1. Risk-Based National Surveillance
Issue: Current surveillance is limited (e.g., only lactating dairy cows and raw milk tested), missing broader transmission risks.
Request: Implement control areas and active surveillance for all animals near H5-positive premises.
2. National Science-Based Control Strategy
Issue: Lack of a comprehensive, science-based control plan allows continued virus spread.
Issue: Uncertainty about handling H5 in non-traditional species (e.g., swine, beef cattle) deters wider surveillance.
Request: Develop a national control strategy inclusive of all potential host species.
3. Epidemiologic Tools and Studies
Issue: Lack of sufficient data on transmission pathways and risk factors.
Request: Review and improve surveillance tools and data management to inform national programs.
4. Vaccine Utilization and Trade Barriers
Issue: Rapid spread in dairy herds emphasizes the need for vaccination.
Issue: Trade restrictions block H5 vaccine use in the U.S.
Requests: 
-Renegotiate trade agreements to permit vaccination.
-Develop a national vaccine strategy covering:
-All affected species,
-Vaccination criteria,
-Post-vaccination surveillance,
-Conditions for vaccine withdrawal.
5. Response Capacity and Resources
Issue: H5 in livestock raises demand for lab testing, veterinary services, and financial support.
Request: Expand USDA-approved lab capacity and ensure adequate response resources.
Conclusion: A coordinated national response to H5 influenza—integrating surveillance, control, vaccination, and resource allocation -is essential to: 
Protect animal and human health,
Maintain food security,
Sustain the economy.