Infectious Diseases 2022

Raw antibiotic sales for European livestock production, 2011 to 2020, dropped further and more consistently than they did in the United States. Raw U.S. sales declined by 27.3%, while raw sales for livestock production aggregated across 25 European countries fell by 42.9%. The intensity of use in the U.S. livestock sector as a whole (measured as milligrams per kilogram of livestock) declined 30.4%, while it fell 43.2% among livestock producers aggregated across 25 European countries. In 2020 the intensity of antibiotic use in the U.S. livestock sector was an estimated 170.8 mg/kg livestock, nearly twice as high as the overall rate reported that year for the European livestock sector (91.6 mg/kg livestock).