Salmonella in the Netherlands, Annual Epidemiological Report 2024
In 2024, 1,665 human Salmonella cases were confirmed in the Netherlands, a clear increase compared with 2023 (1,516 cases) and above the pre-pandemic baseline of 2016-2019 (average ~1,322 cases). The most frequent serotypes remained Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium (including monophasic variants). Enteritidis showed a marked rise compared with the 2015-2019 period (619 cases in 2024 vs. ~357 pre-pandemic average).
Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) revealed extensive clustering: 84% of Enteritidis isolates clustered, yielding 96 clusters; Typhimurium produced 62 clusters, and other serotypes 107. Several clusters triggered outbreak investigations.
The largest outbreak involved Salmonella Enteritidis, with at least 79 reported cases linked to eggs; despite strong epidemiological association, no specific source could be confirmed and the outbreak remained ongoing into 2025. Another significant outbreak of S. Typhimurium was part of a multinational event linked to beef imported from the United Kingdom. Dutch cases were mainly associated with steak and carpaccio consumption, while in Denmark and the UK minced beef was implicated.
In total, nine Salmonella outbreaks with 192 reported patients were recorded nationally in 2024, including at least one fatality.
