HPAI H5 spread in South America and risk of Antarctica incursion: OFFLU report
The report discusses the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 subtype (HPAI H5) in South America since October 2022. It focuses on its impact on wildlife, not poultry or human cases. The virus caused significant mortality in wild bird and mammal populations across South America. For instance, in Peru and Chile, over 500,000 wild birds and 20,000 wild mammals of various species died. Notably, endangered species like the Peruvian pelican, vulnerable species like the Humboldt penguin, and South American sea lion were severely affected.
The virus rapidly spread from Colombia to the southern tip of South America within three months, covering more than 6000 km. Its detection in a South American sea lion in Chile's Puerto Williams (southernmost point) suggests a potential risk of reaching Antarctica and its numerous bird and mammal species. With millions of breeding birds, various pinnipeds, and cetaceans residing in Antarctica, the impact of the virus could be substantial. This risk increases due to upcoming wild bird migrations to Antarctic breeding sites. The dense colonies of birds and pinnipeds could facilitate efficient virus transmission. While preventing the virus's spread to Antarctica is challenging, the report suggests detection and response options. These involve monitoring and accurately recording HPAI H5-related mortality events, along with adhering to guidelines to minimize human-mediated virus transmission.
